【总结】SATII物理考试常用术语

2011-07-18 13:52:11 来源: 互联网责编：楷维留学指南

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　　Entropy

　　The disorder of a system.

　　Equilibrium

　　The state of a nonrotating object upon whom the net torque acting is zero.

　　Equilibrium position

　　The stable position of a system where the net force acting on the object is zero.

　　Faraday’s Law

　　A law, | | = , which states that the induced emf is the change in magnetic flux in a certain time.

　　First Law of Thermodynamics

　　Essentially a restatement of energy conservation, it states that the change in the internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added plus the work done on the system.

　　Focal length

　　The distance between the focal point and the vertex of a mirror or lens. For concave mirrors and convex lenses, this number is positive. For convex mirrors and concave lenses, this number is negative.

　　Focal point

　　The point of a mirror or lens where all light that runs parallel to the principal axis will be focused. Concave mirrors and convex lenses are designed to focus light into the focal point. Convex mirrors and concave lenses focus light away from the focal point.

　　Force

　　A push or a pull that causes an object to accelerate.

　　Free-body diagram

　　Illustrates the forces acting on an object, drawn as vectors originating from the center of the object.

　　Frequency

　　The number of cycles executed by a system in one second. Frequency is the inverse of period, f = 1/T. Frequency is measured in hertz, Hz.

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