2014年-2015年上半年的TOEFLJunior阅读考试主要考查学生寻找文章基本信息，进行合理推理以及理解文章内容概要的能力。

　　词汇题是考得最频繁的。词汇题考查考生是否理解文章中个别单词或短语的具体意思。单词的意思必须符合原文的意思。需要指出的是，TJ阅读词汇题并没有一个必然会考到的“词汇表”。通常情况下，备考到的单词或短语对于理解文章的一个大的或重要的部分起到至关重要的作用。词汇题很好识别，在文章中每五行会有行号，然后问题如下：

　　X, the word ABCis closest in meaning to _______

　　解题要点

　　1). 如果认识单词，选择与文中意思相符的选项

　　2). 如果不认识单词

　　(1) 词根词缀法

　　(2) 上下文推断法

　　上下文推断法可利用的线索：同义关系，反义关系，解释关系，词语搭配

　　2014年-2015年上半年真题举例

　　The largest giant gas planet, Jupiter, with avolume 1,300 times greater than Earth's, contains more than twice the mass ofall the other planets combined. It is thought to be a gaseous and fluid planetwithout solid surfaces. Had it been somewhat more massive, Jupiter might haveattained internal temperatures as high as the ignition point for nuclearreactions, and it would have flamed as a star in its own right.

　　1. The word "attained" is closest inmeaning to

　　(A) attempted

　　(B) changed

　　(C) lost

　　(D) reached

　　No two comets ever look identical, but they havebasic features in common, one of the most obvious of which is a coma. A comalooks like a misty, patch of light with one or more tails often streaming fromit in the direction away from the Sun.

　　2. The word "identical" is closest inmeaning to

　　(A) equally fast

　　(B) exactly alike

　　(C) near each other

　　(D) invisible

　　Molt requires that a bird find and process enoughprotein to rebuild approximately one-third of its body weight. It is notsurprising that a bird in heavy molt often seems unwell. But far from beingrandom, molt is controlled by strong evolutionary forces that have establishedan optimal time and duration. Generally, molt occurs at the time of leaststress on the bird.

　　3. The word "random" is closest inmeaning to

　　(A) unfortunate

　　(B) unusual

　　(C) unobservable

　　(D) unpredictable

　　The external surfaces of plants, in addition tobeing covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs,which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insectlarvae. Other trichomes are sticky and glandular and effectively trap andimmobilize insects.

　　4. The word "puncture" is closest inmeaning to

　　(A) pierce

　　(B) pinch

　　(C) surround

　　(D) cover .

　　The Native Americans of northern California werehighly skilled at basketry, using grasses, barks, and roots to fashion articlesof all sorts and sizes-not only trays, containers, and cooking pots, but hats,boats, fish traps, and baby carriers.

　　5. The word "fashion" is closest inmeaning to

　　(A) maintain

　　(B) organize

　　(C) trade

　　(D) create

　　事实信息题要求考生识别出文章中明确阐述的事实信息。这些事实信息文体主要集中于事实、细节、定义或者其他坐着阐述的信息。此种题型一般要求考生便使劲在文章某一部分提到的具体信息，而不会问及整篇文章的主旨。

　　事实信息题通常会有以下提问方式：

　　1. According to the paragraph, which of thefollowing is true of X?

　　2. The author’s description of X mentionswhich of the following?

　　3. According to the paragraph, X occurredbecause

　　4. According to the paragraph, X did Ybecause .

　　5. According to the paragraph, why did X doY?

　　6. The author’s description of X mentionswhich of the following?

　　事实信息题的解题要点

　　1、快速浏览题干，选出定位词，如 ：

　　1. 大写字母(人名，地名，专有名词)

　　2. 连字符

　　3. 时间，数字

　　4. 表示题干核心意思的词汇(n. adj. v.)

　　5. 四个选项的相同结构

　　2、快速扫描段落，找出定位词，阅读定位句

　　3、正确选项是定位句的同义转述或同义改写。必须在意思上和语言逻辑上完全符合定位句

　　2014年-2015年上半年真题举例

　　Much of Jupiter's interior might be in theform of liquid, metallic hydrogen. Normally, hydrogen is a gas, but underpressures of millions of kilograms per square centimeter, which exist in thedeep interior of Jupiter, the hydrogen atoms might lock together to form aliquid with the properties of a metal. Some scientists believe that theinnermost core of Jupiter might be rocky, or metallic like the core of Earth.

　　1. According to the passage, hydrogen canbecome a metallic-like liquid when it is

　　(A) extremely hot

　　(B) combined with helium

　　(C) similar to atmospheres

　　(D) under great pressures

　　2. According to the passage, somescientists believe Jupiter and Earth are similar in that they both have

　　(A) solid surfaces

　　(B) similar masses

　　(C) similar atmospheres

　　(D) metallic cores

　　Telescopic images permitted the catalogingof a bewildering array of land forms. Craters were studied for clues to their origin.Strange, sinuous features were observed in the Maria. Although various landforms were catalogued, the majority of astronomers' attention was fixed oncraters and their origins.

　　3. According to the passage, lunarresearchers have focused mostly on

　　(A) the possibility of finding water on theMoon

　　(B) the lunar regolith

　　(C) cataloging various land formations

　　(D) craters and their origins

　　However, nothing has ever equaled themagnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical andchemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wideagreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting. Life on Earthhas continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes haveoccurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt-time for migration and geneticadaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of newgenetic material and new species that may be able to survive in newenvironments.

　　4. According to the passage, naturalevolutionary change is different from changes caused by humans in that changescaused by humans

　　(A) are occurring at a much faster rate

　　(B) are less devastating to most species

　　(C) affect fewer ecosystems

　　(D) are reversible

　　Watching the behaviors diverse animalspecies in their natural habitats, Lorenz, and Tinbergen observed behaviorpatterns that promote survival. The most well-known of these is imprinting, theearly following behavior of certain baby birds that ensures that the young willstay close to their mother and be fed and protected from danger. Imprintingtakes place during an early, restricted time period of development. If themother goose is not present during this time, but an object resembling her inimportant features is, young goslings may imprint on it instead.

　　5. According to the passage , if a mothergoose is not present during the time period when imprinting takes place, whichof the following will most likely occur?

　　(A) The gosling will not imprint on anyobject.

　　(B) The gosling may not find a mate when itmatures.

　　(C) The mother will later imprint on thegosling.

　　(D) The gosling may imprint on anotherobject.

　　否定事实信息题要求考生根据文章明确陈述的信息，确定选项中哪些信息是真实的并且文章中给出的，哪些信息是非真实的或者文章未给出的。这类题需要先在文章中找出与选项相关的信息在原文中出现的位置，之后找出四个选项中不真实或未出现的一个为正确选项。提问方式：TJ阅读中出现以下题干一般可被定为否定事实信息题：

　　1. According to the passage, which of thefollowing is NOT true of X?

　　2. The author’s description of X mentionswhich of the following EXCEPT?

　　解题要点

　　先在文中找出与题干相关信息出现的段落，缩小搜索信息的范围，然后再找出与每个选项相匹配的原文，做出选择。

　　2014年-2015年上半年真题举例

　　A vast chemical separation process takesplaces during the flow of water over the continents. Soluble ions such ascalcium, sodium, potassium, and some magnesium are dissolved and transported.Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron, and silicon stay where they are and formthe thin, fertile skin of soil on which vegetation can grow. Sometimes soilsare destroyed and transported mechanically during flooding. The erosion of thecontinents thus results from two closely linked and interdependent processes,chemical erosion and mechanical erosion. Their respective interactions andefficiency depend on different factors.

　　1. All of the following are example ofsoluble ions EXCEPT

　　(A) magnesium

　　(B) iron

　　(C) potassium

　　(D) calcium

　　Comets grow tails only when they get warmenough for ice and dust to boil off. As a comet's orbit brings it closer to theSun, first the coma grows, then two distinct tails usually form. One, the lesscommon kind, contains electrically charged (i.e., ionized) atoms of gas, whichare blown off directly in the direction away from the Sun by the magnetic fieldof the solar wind. The other tail is made of neutral dust particles, which getgently pushed back by the pressure of the sunlight itself. Unlike the ion tail,which is straight, the dust tail becomes curved as the particles follow theirown orbits around the Sun.

　　2. All of the following statements aboutthe tails of comets are true EXCEPT:

　　(A) They can contain electrically chargedor neutral particles.

　　(B) They can be formed only when there issufficient heat.

　　(C) They are formed before the comaexpands.

　　(D) They always point in the direction awayfrom the Sun.

　　The first birds appeared during lateJurassic times. These birds are known from four very good skeletons, twoincomplete skeletons, and an isolated feather, all from the Solnhofen limestoneof Bavaria, Germany. This fine-grained rock, which is extensively quarried forlithographic stone, was evidently deposited in a shallow coral lagoon of atropical sea, and flying vertebrates occasionally fell into the water and wereburied by the fine limy mud, to be preserved with remarkable detail.

　　3. According to the author, all of thefollowing evidence relating to the first birds was found EXCEPT

　　(A) nesting materials

　　(B) four skeletons in good condition

　　(C) two fragmented skeletons

　　(D) a single feather

　　John Bowlby argued that attachmentbehaviors of babies, such as smiling, babbling, grasping, and crying, arebuilt-in social signals that encourage the parents to approach, care for, andinteract with the baby. By keeping a parent near, these behaviors help ensurethat the baby will be fed, protected from danger, and provided with thestimulation and affection necessary for healthy growth.

　　4. The author mentions all of the followingas attachment behaviors of human infants EXCEPT

　　(A) grasping

　　(B) crying

　　(C) eating

　　(D) smiling

　　Biological diversity has become widelyrecognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. Therapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems withthe highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to theimportance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of speciesextinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognizethe significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the humanpopulation continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another ofEarth's ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems(such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. in mostsituations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroymarine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and runoff of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducingthe variety of species on Earth, they have unraveled cons of evolution andirrevocably redirected its course.

　　5. The author mentions all of the followingas examples of the effect of humans on the world's ecosystems EXCEPT

　　(A) destruction of the tropical rainforests

　　(B) habitat destruction in wetlands

　　(C) damage to marine ecosystems

　　(D) the introduction of new varieties ofplant species