(25) of the Andean highlands participated 络，他们还是主要依靠维护尽量多

　　in such networks, they relied primarily 的生态区域里的自治生产力量。

　　on the maintenance of autonomous

　　production forces in as many ecological

　　zones as possible. The 区域所产的商品被提炼加工运送，

　　(30) commodities produced in these 这些全部由一个单独团体的成员

　　zones were extracted, processed, 去做。

　　and transported entirely by members

　　of a single group. 此为第一段，主要提出问题及解决方案

　　This strategy of direct access 这种由一个单独团体直接掌握最

　　(35) to a maximum number of ecological 多的生态区域的策略叫做垂直经

　　zones by a single group is called 济。

　　vertical economy. Even today, 时至今天，你可以看到安第斯社区

　　one can see Andean communities 同时保持着12000尺以上牧场，

　　maintaining use rights simultaneously 9000尺以上盆地薯田，及6000尺

　　(40) to pasturelands above 12,000 feet, to 以下温暖农地的使用权力。

　　potato fields in basins over 9,000 feet,

　　and to plots of warm-land crops in

　　regions below 6,000 feet. This 这个策略有两个主要变量。

　　strategy has two principal variations.

　　(45) The first is “compressed verticality,” 第一个叫扁平垂直，即一个独立村

　　in which a single village resides in 庄住在容易控制附近生态区的地方。

　　a location that permits easy access

　　to closely located ecological zones.

　　Different crop zones or pasturelands 不同的农业区域或牧场与父系社区

　　(50) are located within a few days walk of 都近在咫尺。

　　the parent community. Community 社区成员可能临时住在其中一个低

　　members may reside temporarily 的区域以管理家里无法获得的产品

　　in one of the lower zones to manage 的提炼。

　　the extraction of products unavailable

　　(55) in the homeland. In the second variation, 第二个叫垂直群岛，即村庄在广泛

　　called the “vertical archipelago,” 分布的地方开发资源，构建一系列

　　the village exploits resources in widely 独立的生产“岛屿”。

　　dispersed locations, constituting a

　　series of independent production

　　(60) “islands.” In certain pre-Columbian 在某些前哥伦比亚印加社会中，各

　　Inca societies, groups were sent from 团体离开家园，被派往遥远的热带

　　the home territory to establish permanent 森林或沿岸地区建立永久卫星社区

　　satellite communities or colonies 或殖民地。

　　in distant tropical forests or coastal

　　(65) locations. There the colonists grew 在那里这些殖民家种植农作物，

　　crops and extracted products for their 提取自用和运给高海拔同胞的产品。

　　own use and for transshipment back

　　to their high-altitude compatriots.

　　In contrast to the compressed 相对于扁平垂直系统，群岛系统里

　　(70) verticality system, in this system, 是商品而非人在群岛里流通。

　　commodities rather than people

　　circulated through the archipelago. 此为第二段，具体介绍解决方案，问题解决

　　逻辑简图

　　1P: 16C, Incas lived above 9000feet, whereas,.. unequal resources distribution… problem resolved by trade network exercised little control. Although, relied on primarily….

　　2P: strategy called vertical economy. Two principle variations: compressed verticality(temporarily); vertical archipelago(permanent).. In contrast to….

　　--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

　　GWD-9-Q4:

　　According to the passage, which of the following is true about the preindustrial long distance trade networks mentioned in line 22 ? 选B

　　A. They were not used extensively in most of the preindustrial world.反

　　B. They were used to some extent by the people of the Andean highlands.

　　In most of the preindustrial world, the problem of different resource distribution was resolved by long-distance trade networks over which the end consumer exercised little control.

　　C. They were not an effective means of solving the problem of different resource distribution.

　　D. They necessitated the establishment of permanent satellite communities in widely dispersed locations.

　　E. They were useful only for the transportation of products from warm climatic zones.