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　　【原题】AA91 考古 9月J

　　The following is taken from an editorial in a local newspaper:

　　“Over the past decade, the price per pound of citrus fruit has increased substantially. Eleven years ago, Megamart charged 15 cents a pound for lemons, but today it commonly charges over a dollar a pound. In only one of these last 11 years was the weather unfavorable for growing citrus crops. Evidently, then, citrus growers have been responsible for the excessive increase in the price of citrus fruit, and strict pricing regulations are needed to prevent them from continuing to inflate prices.”

　　当地报纸的社论：

　　过去的10年里，桔类水果的价格实际上上升了。11年前，Megamart每个柠檬要价5分，现在一般要价为30分一个。过去11年只有一年不适合桔类水果生长。显然，柑桔种植者应该对桔类水果价格过度上涨负责。为防止他们继续哄抬价格规范价格规定很有必要。

　　【参考思路】

　　Hasty generalization:

　　小范围推大范围。仅仅是柠檬价格上涨不能推出所有桔类水果的价格的上涨。柠檬有其特殊性，譬如柠檬都是进口的，比较贵。

　　Causal oversimplification:

　　并不是只有不适合生长这一种因素导致价格上升，还有，比如环境保护，加工价格上升，人力成本上升，或者单纯的物价上涨(monetary inflation, increased distribution and labor costs, or alternatives in supply and demand conditions)

　　Gratuitous assumption:

　　1、天气好不一定代表物价要低，因为种植柑橘的农民已经动用了可用的资源了，产量无法再多了;

　　2、是否物价高就是农民肆意抬高的缘故，可能是dealers在其中的作用;

　　3、柠檬缺乏代表性，或者说，柠檬有其特殊性，譬如柠檬都是进口的，比较贵;

　　4、政府是否要介入，虽然价格变贵了，但是targeted customers没有变化，对整个国民经济影响不大

　　【参考范文】

　　In this editorial the author argues for the imposition of strict pricing regulations in order to prevent citrus growers from continued inflation of prices of citrus fruit. The need for such regulation is supported by the author’s contention that citrus growers have been unnecessarily raising prices of citrus fruit in the past. The evidence for this allegation is the fact that the price of lemons at Megamart has increased from 15 cents per pound to over a dollar a pound during the preceding 11-year period. The author maintains that this increase is unjustifiable because weather conditions have been favorable to citrus production in all but one of those years. This argument is flawed for several reasons.

　　First and foremost, the author assumes that the only factor that influences the price of citrus fruit is the weather. Other factors such as monetary inflation, increased distribution and labor costs, or alterations in supply and demand conditions are completely ignored as possible sources for the increase. The charge that citrus growers have unnecessarily raised prices can be sustained only if these and other possible factors can be completely ruled out as contributing to the price increases. Since the author fails to address these factors, the recommendation calling for strict pricing regulations can be dismissed out of hand (adv. 无法控制, 脱手, 告终, 立即) as frivolous.

　　Second, the author assumes that the only way to combat increased prices is through government intervention. In a free enterprise system many other means of affecting the pricing of goods are available. For example, boycotting a product and thereby influencing supply and demand conditions of the commodity is an effective means of influencing the price of the product. In a free market economy the call for price regulation by the government should occur only when all other means to rectify the problem have been exhausted.

　　In conclusion, the author’s argument is unconvincing. To strengthen the argument it would be necessary to show that the only factor influencing the price increases is the growers’ desire for increased profits.

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