楷维留学指南,第一留学服务平台

Analyze an Issue: 108. Critical judgment of work in any given field has little value unless it comes from someone who is an expert in that field.

　　Analyze an Argument: 128. The following appeared in a letter from the owner of the Sunnyside Towers apartment complex to its manager.

　　"One month ago, all the showerheads in the first three buildings of the Sunnyside Towers complex were modified to restrict maximum water flow to one-third of what it used to be. Although actual readings of water usage before and after the adjustment are not yet available, the change will obviously result in a considerable savings for Sunnyside Corporation, since the corporation must pay for water each month. Except for a few complaints about low water pressure, no problems with showers have been reported since the adjustment. Clearly, modifying showerheads to restrict water flow throughout all twelve buildings in the Sunnyside Towers complex will increase our profits further."

　　Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.

　　Issue第108题可抓住“field”从不同领域展开全文，也可分支持、反对两大视角思考分论点。从全文展开而言，issue考察对复杂问题的认识(complexity of ideas)和批判性思维(critical thinking)，因此，正文首段可先支持作者观点，承认在一些领域专家判断更有价值，如专业领域。接下来，可考虑命题是否在其他领域有不同情况，由此形成其他段落分论点。如，大众娱乐面向普通民众，满足普遍需求，因此有价值的评判不仅来自于专家，也可来自于普通人。另外，跨学科(interdisciplinary study)是issue高频素材，可应用于此题，形成正文第三段分论点。跨学科的普及使得不仅本领域专家建议重要，其他领域专家建议也有价值。从段落展开而言，根据每段分论点，结合具体的理由或例子展开论述。

　　Argument第128题为典型题目，思路清晰。第二句话为论断(stated assumptions)，调节水量是否省水尚不可知，作者便断言必将节水省钱，缺乏论证。第三句抱怨(complaints)为证词推理，抱怨少并不代表大家对调节水量满意。最后一句，由前三栋楼推广至全部十二栋楼，为类比推理，假设其他九栋楼的用水情况和前三栋相似。针对每一步推理，逐段展开，具体分析假设、反例。另根据题目要求，要求作者补充和反例相关的证据加强论证。