GMAT考试在3月2日换库，楷维留学小编为大家特别为大家整理分享了3月份GMAT阅读机经，这篇GMAT阅读机经是关于人口分布城市Sprawl的实验的文章，考生朋友可以参考一下，希望对大家有所帮助。

　　[V1]

　　城市发展问题,里面有到底和 天气 路况 。。。相关 而导致城市发展不同呢(….残狗)

　　[V2]

　　阅读有一篇是关于城市扩张/sprawl的

　　说以前的研究缺少evidence，最新的研究用了两种高科技的方法，研究影响sprawl的因素

　　第一段讲自然因素，基本和大家的常识一致，具体说了气候，地形，这里讲hilly的地形是分散的，但是有高山的周围又集中，我觉得这是个矛盾，后面有题问哪个方面是contradictory的，我选这个了。。

　　第二段讲交通，道路。和过去普遍看法不同，研究发现道路密度与城市扩展程度没有相关性。后面有问到这块。就是强调和过去研究不同。

　　第三段讲jurisdiction branch的对城市sprawl的影响

　　第四段总结说这种用新的高科技方法的研究证明了人们习惯认同的一些结论不是错的。但目前的研究结果也有一些值得怀疑的地方，举了一个小例子。。例子我记不得了

　　考古已确认：(V2狗主说sprawl这个更全~)

　　2.3.1 Sprawl (无序扩展)

　　V1第一段：科学家通过satellite image研究Sprawl。

　　第二段：描述了一堆有的没的，climate、hill/mountain、XXX这三个因素对这个特征有影响，无计划地占用山林农田建造

　　第三段，说road，但是木有evidence证明其影响sprawl

　　第四段：又说了什么因素，但是不影响。

　　第五段：总结了一下吧

　　V2先说关于什么城市DEVELOPMENT的研究不够好，现在有新的研究

　　然后有4段讲新的研究

　　最后一段说老的研究也有某优点?

　　结构很清楚，生词很多

　　有一道题问第2段和第3，4段的关系

　　题目：

　　说第二段和第三四段的关系，我选的是二是讲有什么影响了，三是纠正一些以前觉得有影响但实际上没有的。

　　有好几个题貌似都问到了什么是有影响的，什么不是，不单纯是二三四段里的描述，感觉跟细致些。文章很长一屏多，定位很关键。

　　V3城市扩张 CITY SPRWAL

　　第一段：以前对于城市扩张的研究都是依据推测，最近发明一种方法，可以通过卫星图片检测。

　　第二段：讲了三种因素对城市扩张的影响。他们是CLIMATE,HILLS,WATER。这三种都是有影响的。

　　第三段：讲了道路系统对城市没有影响。虽然以前一直认为有。

　　第四段：讲了城市行政划分对城市扩张没有影响。虽然以前一直认为有。

　　第五段：总结

　　V4

　　Q1)有个问题以下那种情况和文章的观点contradict。答案：hill上多开发road (我选的答案，因为文章说和road无关，虽然提到了Hill，不知道对不对)

　　考古

　　A View Of Urban Sprawl From Outer Space Recent urban development in Los Angeles is less scattered than recent development in Boston. Miami is America's most compact big city and Pittsburgh is most sprawling. Changing the number or size of municipal governments in a metro area has no impact on whether or not urban development is scattered, but controlling access to groundwater does.

　　【控制地下水has impact on是否城市发展呈分散化】

　　These are among the startling findings from a University of Toronto-based team of researchers who used satellite data and aerial photography to create a grid of 8.7 billion data cells tracking the evolution of land use in the continental United States.

　　Matthew Turner and Diego Puga of the University of Toronto, Marcy Burchfield of the Neptis Foundation, a Toronto-based organization focused on urban and regional research, and Henry Overman of the London School of Economics present their findings in the May issue of The Quarterly Journal of Economics, in a paper entitled Causes of Sprawl: A Portrait(标本，模型) from Space. Heavily illustrated with Geographic Information System images, the paper challenges conventional wisdom about urban sprawl and presents a vivid and detailed picture of land consumption in America's cities.

　　【新研究出现】

　　Though urban sprawl is widely regarded as an important environmental and social problem, according to the authors, much of the debate over sprawl is based on speculation. The data to conduct detailed and systematic measurement of how and where land is converted to urban use has, until now, simply not been available. Despite widespread interest in the topic, "we know next to nothing(差不多没有)about the extent to which development is scattered or compact, and how this varies across space," they write. 【新研究的局限：based on speculation】

　　The authors merged high-altitude photos from 1976 with satellite images from 1992 (the most recent available) to create a grid of 8.7 billion 30-metre by 30-metre cells that tracks land use changes nationwide. "The data set we've constructed is unprecedented(空前的) in that we have coverage of the whole continental United States with a very high degree of accuracy for two time periods. That's never been done before," says Turner.【新研究的优势：覆盖面广，精确性accuracy】

　　The new high-resolution data allow the authors to observe the amount of open space in the neighborhood of every house in every U.S. city. Since development is more scattered when there is more open space around a house, the authors measured urban sprawl by calculating the average amount of open space in the neighborhood of a house in each city.【measure urban sprawl 的具体方法】

　　They found that more recent residential development is not any more(不再)

　　scattered than development was in 1976. Forty two per cent of land in the square kilometre surrounding the average residential development in 1976 was open space, compared with 43 per cent in 1992. "While a substantial amount of scattered residential development was built between 1976 and 1992, overall residential development did not become any more biased toward such sprawling areas."【结论一：scatter现象不再明显了】

　　The authors are quick to point out that any one household would have seen much change in the study period, but that "if we zoom out and look at the city from a distance, we see little change, at least in terms of the proportions of sprawling and compact development: the new city is just like an enlarged version of the old city."【结论二：虽然household 的变化大，但实际city的sprawling并不明显。】

　　Overall, Boston is less scattered than Atlanta, however recent development in Boston has been less compact than recent development in Atlanta. Miami, San Francisco and Los Angeles were the most compact major cities, while Pittsburgh and Atlanta were the most scattered.