楷维留学指南为考生分享了康老师的GMAT考试十月份阅读机经，内容非常全面，以下就是楷维留学小编为各位GMAT考友带来的【GMAT机经】康老师十月份GMAT阅读机经大放送之人文社会－世界史&考古学(一)。希望大家可以好好利用康老师的GMAT考试十月份阅读机经，为自己的GMAT考试锦上添花。

　　标题：石刻艺术(9)

　　文体类型：总结文1

　　提出一种理论，并举出证据证明：北美平原发现了一些rock art，有个考古学家E 认为这种art 内容是表达communications，不仅只是表达声音和语言。这个考古学家还说，这种岩石画艺术和Oyate 族的关系分不开，尤其是Lakota 某分支，然后给了各种相似点和理由。

　　(1) 发现岩石艺术的2 个地方都是O 部落统治的;

　　(2) 岩石画有和Oyate 部落有某些东西是类似的(similarity/resemble)，有相关性的;

　　(3) Rock art 中vertical Series 的特质与那个地方的某种vertical system 不谋而合。

　　反驳该理论，并举出证据证明：作者认为，虽然说这两者的联系不可否认。但是这种说法有很多的不足，认为roch art 并非起源于E 认为的地方。

　　(However, evidence suggests though rock art is closely related to Oyate societies it is not true / all rock art originates from them.)。原因也有三个：

　　(1) rock art 被发现的地方beyond 那个地方的coverage，O 部落领域之外且O 部落从没待过的地方也有这种风格相同的岩石画(Other cultures have also displayed similar rock art but with unique styles and designs);

　　(2) rock art 的年代很难定位，因此很难将它和某一特定年份特定族群部落联系起来;

　　(3) 后来又发现了很多部落有这种类似风格岩石艺术，比如H 部落、C 部落等。

　　问题：

　　Q1：下面哪个可以weaken E 的理论

　　答案：rock star 被发现与非原文中提到的那个地方/H 部落也有类似岩石画。

　　Q2：作者most likely to agree with which of the following?

　　答案：rock art 不是起源于文中提到的那个地方/虽然作者不否认和O 族有关，但…(定位在最后一段)。

　　Q3：主旨题

　　参考答案：(A) discuss vertical art 的来源

　　其它选项：(C) 反对一个wide hold 的观点

　　Q4：这些rock art 的作用是什么?

　　答案：不仅仅是声音和语言，更重要的是communication。

　　Q5：在哪里发现的那些vertical art?

　　背景知识(Vertical Series Rock Art)：

　　In the northwestern Plains, a kind of vertical arrangement of repetitive rock art figures has been termed Vertical Series. This vertical arrangement forms a single element, or analysis unit, that can be compared or contrasted with other similar units to determine attributes sensitive in time, space, function, or ethnic affiliation. Attributes themselves (such as headdresses on rock art figures) may be analyzed, or attention may be more on attribute clusters (such as total form of shield-bearing warriors). Depending on the kind and level of analysis, attributes may be considered relative to artifact types or series, or relative to such rock art concepts as styles or traditions.

　　背景知识(反驳文章第一段理论的论述)：

　　The possibility that at least some examples of Vertical Series rock art are related to Sioux groups cannot be denied, but the hypothesis that all Vertical Series rock art sites are Siouan in origin has certain weaknesses. The uncertain age of the tradition makes it difficult to confidently associate it with the historically documented territory of any one cultural group. Several of the sites also occur well beyond the territory historically occupied by the Teton Dakota. Rather, the widespread but discontinuous distribution of sites strongly indicates that this tradition occurs within the territory of several different groups. Furthermore, the tradition is not clearly uniform, and certain distinct formal variations exist from site to site. In particular, those in southern Alberta, although sharing important characteristics with all Vertical Series sites, display several unique designs and show distinct variations in the way that some designs are arranged. Finally, ethnographic evidence indicates that many other Northwestern Plains groups, particularly the Blackfeet, Crow, and Hidatsa, also employed aspects of an ideographic system similar to that of the Teton Dakota. Given the distribution and variation of this tradition, it seems quite likely that many cultural groups, including several Sioux groups, were involved in the production of Vertical Series rock art.