Title:

Question types:

Flow Chart;

Indoor Pollution from Cooking Fires Kills 1.5 Million People Annually

Indoor Pollution Kills Millions Every Year

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), indoor air pollution is responsible for 2.7 percent of the global burden of disease, and pneumonia accounts for the deaths of two million children every year. In 2002, cooking with solid fuels was responsible for nearly 800,000 deaths among children and more than 500,000 deaths among women.

The solution is to help low-income families and developing countries switch to better stoves that burn liquefied petroleum gas, biogas, or other cleaner fuels. Switching from a traditional stove to an improved stove substantially reduces indoor smoke and immediately creates a healthier environment.

<span style="font-family:";color:black;">"Making cleaner fuels and improved stoves available to millions of poor people in developing countries will reduce child mortality and improve women's health," said Dr LEE Jong-wook, WHO Director-General, in a press release announcing the report. "In addition to the health gains, household energy programs can help lift families out of poverty and accelerate development progress."

On average, it would cost as little as $6 for families to install stoves that are better ventilated and more fuel-efficient. Halving the number of people worldwide still cooking with solid fuels by 2015 would cost $13 billion, but the economic benefit would be $91 billion annually, largely owing to reduced illness, fewer deaths, shorter cooking times, and less time spent collecting firewood and other fuel. With more time available, the report says, children would do better in school, while their mothers could engage in childcare, agriculture or other income-generating activities to help break the cycle of poverty.

About 90 percent of the costs of switching to better stoves and cleaner fuels would be borne by families that installed the new stoves, but investments in new technologies, local businesses, and micro-credit systems to help with financing also would be required to carry out the plan.

The report demonstrates that if 100 million more homes were using liquefied petroleum gas or other cleaner fuels for cooking, then 473 million fewer people would be exposed to harmful indoor air pollution, and respiratory diseases would cause 282,000 fewer deaths each year.

2013年前半年超级主流的题型，不仅要拿下，而且要快速准确地拿下。

注意：可以定位的词：特殊定位词（数字，大写，特殊符号）和名词。一定要带1. 数字是否精确和准确，注意数字前的     2. 比较级，最高级，注意形容词的比较级和最高级，     3. 绝对限定词：     4. 因果关系词，5The truth about environment

了解污染类话题的背景词汇。

剑桥真题: Reading Passage 2

Bird Orientation 鸟类迁徙找方向

Which paragraph contains the following information? 段落细节配对

Summary 摘要

文章内容回顾

7选NB），会因为年龄而影响成功率，也会因为距离长而影响回家成功率。nest, 找回家的路的能力在人与鸟之间的关系。

相关英文原文阅读

Historically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, Turtle Doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientific studies have used techniques including bird ringing and satellite tracking. Threats to migratory birds have grown with habitat destruction especially of stopover and wintering sites, as well as structures such as power lines and wind farms.

The timing of migration is controlled primarily by changes in day length. Migrating birds navigate using celestial cues from the sun and stars, the earth's magnetic field, and probably also mental maps. Migration has developed independently in different groups of birds and does not appear to require genetic change; some birds have acquired migratory behaviour since the last ice age.

题型难度分析

这篇文章的难度比第一篇的难度高很多，不仅有段落细节配对，还有鸟类配特征的分类题，将近10大题型中最难的题型，也被戏称为”，这道题要求学生在短时间之内，找到与题干相吻合的句子所在的段落。其实这道题就是在赤裸裸的考察学生同意转换的能力。

其次：由于这道题做题相当费时间，而且正确率普遍偏低，所以我建议学生把这一大题放在整篇文章的最后来完成。

最后，当我们要完成这道题时，我们要了解一下这道题的特点。

list of headings是相克的，因为两个题型都是考段落，但是B. 完全乱序。所以必须把题干中的关键词一次性全部划出，并且尽可能的记住所划单词。

NB: You may use any letter more than once表明有一个或一个以上的段落会被重复使用一次。

2012051020100731 鸟的迁徙2007030320050910 鸟类定位和导航7Let’s go bats

了解动物以及其生活中导航寻路相关词汇和背景知识，以及类似生物周期学文章中对于同种生物特性普遍举例和对应出题的规律。

Title:

购买新产品的心理

Multiple Choice

配对题 TRUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVEN

文章内容回顾

关于经济学相对优势的问题。内容有讲到企业与创新，并分析了一些消费者心理，有各路专家出来给出解释。印象比较深刻的观点是说消费者会拿商品和自己已有的物品比较进行主观判断，而且总体上购买欲是比较消极的。有两个实验：

一个是让两组人分别扮演买者和卖者，对一批咖啡杯进行估价，卖者永远比买者估价高出一倍左右。

另一个是三组小朋友，一组可以任意选择被告知价格差不多的咖啡杯和瑞士巧克力，第二组有咖啡杯但他们可以选择用自己的咖啡杯去换巧克力，第三组有巧克力但可以选择用自己的巧克力换咖啡杯。结果已经有咖啡杯或巧克力的人，只有Understanding the Psychology of New-Product Adoption

In today’s hypercompetitive marketplace, companies that successfully introduce new products are more likely to flourish than those that don’t. Businesses spend billions of dollars making better “mousetraps” only to find consumers roundly rejecting them. Studies show that new products fail at the stunning rate of between 40% and 90%, depending on the category, and the odds haven’t changed much in the past 25 years. In the U.S. packaged goods industry, for instance, companies introduce 30,000 products every year, but 70% to 90% of them don’t stay on store shelves for more than 12 months. Most innovative products—those that create new product categories or revolutionize old ones—are also unsuccessful. According to one study, 47% of first movers have failed, meaning that approximately half the companies that pioneered new product categories later pulled out of those businesses.

Webvan spent more than $1 billion to create an online grocery business, only to declare bankruptcy in July 2001 after failing to attract as many customers as it thought it would.

Although TiVo’s digital video recorder (DVR) has garnered rave reviews since the late 1990s from both industry experts and product adopters, the company had amassed $600 million in operating losses by 2005 because demand trailed expectations.

Why do consumers fail to buy innovative products even when they offer distinct improvements over existing ones? Why do companies invariably have more faith in new products than is warranted? Few would question the objective advantages of many innovations over existing alternatives, but that’s often not enough for them to succeed. To understand why new products fail to live up to companies’ expectations, we must delve into the psychology of behavior change. This article presents a behavioral framework that explains why so many products fail and outlines some actions that companies can take to improve their chances of success.

FALSE和1. 95%的四选一的单选题是细节题，剩下的“最适宜的标题“这篇文章的主旨2. 细节性的选择题，永远是顺序原则，通常来说，一段为一题的定位点，最多一段会有两道题的定位点。

all, every, only, 等词时，选项会因为说的太绝对，而并非正确答案。

剑桥雅思推荐原文练习

剑<span style="font-family:";color:black;">6 Test 3