235. (GWD-9-Q1)

　　A mixture of poems and short fiction, Jean Toomer's Cane has been called one of the three best novels ever written by Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

　　A. Black Americans—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

　　B. Black Americans—including Native Son by Richard Wright and Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison

　　C. a Black American—including Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man

　　D. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright, author of Native Son, and Ralph Ellison, author of Invisible Man (E)

　　E. a Black American—the others being Richard Wright's Native Son and Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man

　　题目释义：…, Book C… -- Book NS and Book Invisible Man…

　　考点：

　　平行结构(parallelism) 逻辑意思(logical predication)

　　1. 主语是书，平行对称应该也是书。

　　2. 破折号在这里的用处是补充说明主句的内容

　　选项分析：

　　A. 破折号之前的主语是Cane这本书，后面平行的也需要对应是书而不是人，所以后面的平行错误;语法上a black american或black americans都没有错，但在此用单数更为清晰，明确指出了一本书是一个人写，而没有多个人写的歧义

　　B. Richard Wright's Native Son和Jean Toomer's Cane不够对称，不如E好;语法上a black american或black americans都没有错，但在此用单数更为清晰，明确指出了一本书是一个人写，而没有多个人写的歧义

　　C. 破折号后面的平行错误同A

　　D. 破折号后面的平行错误同A

　　E. Correct;the others being用法正确，Jean Toomer's Cane，Richard Wright's Native Son，Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man平行的最漂亮完美：不仅仅都是书，而且都用了所有格。

　　补充说明：

　　1. being+n.不一定错。本题破折号后可以还原为句子：The others are RW’s NS and RE’s IM.

　　2. 关于用Black Americans还是用a Black American：日常写作中用Black Americans和a Black American都可以，逻辑和语法都没有问题，GMAT家似乎倾向于使用后者，更加清晰指出一本书是一个人写。

　　218. (T-4-Q33)

　　In attempting to solve the problems caused by a lowering of the price of oil, oil companies operating in the North Sea have taken a variety of approaches, which includes their reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more efficiently from smaller fields, and finding innovative ways to cut the cost of building and operating platforms.

　　A. which includes their reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more efficiently

　　B. which includes reducing employment, using new technology to be more efficient in pumping oil

　　C. which include reducing employment, using new technology to pump oil more efficiently

　　D. which include the reduction of employment, their using new technology to pump oil more efficiently (C)

　　E. including a reduction of employment, their use of new technology to be more efficient at pumping oil

　　题目释义：In attempting to solve……，oil companies have taken……，which ……，using……

　　考点：

　　1. 平行结构中要注意平行对象要对等(形式和功能)，动作性名词不能和名词性名词平行并列

　　2. (1) “a variety of/ a number of + 复数名词”后面谓语用复数形式;

　　(2) the number of / the variety of + 复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数;

　　(3) “a body of/a collection of/an arrary of/a series of/a set of/a portion of/a group of/ a constellation of/a team of + 复数名词”作主语后面谓语都用单数形式，因为body/collection等被视作集合名词(collective noun)，后面是of引导的介宾短语做形容词。

　　选项分析：

　　A. a variety of +复数名词，谓语动词用复数，且which引导的定语从句修饰approaches，所以includes错;their reducing中their多余(有效性错误)。

　　B. includes主谓不一致错误;using new technology to be more efficient改变句意，变得不合理(更加有效率地使用新技术，合理句意应该是新技术使得pump更加有效率);在做某事有效率要用at doing sth.。

　　C. Correct;reducing, using, finding三者平行。

　　D. reduction，their using与finding不平行

　　E. reduction，use与finding不平行;use of new technology to be more efficient改变句意，变得不合理(更加有效率地使用新技术，合理句意应该是新技术使得pump更加有效率)

　　补充说明：

　　1. In attempt to与in attempting to没有区别

　　2. Efficient at与efficient in doing sth.：

　　At:做某事时有效率 Their equipment was not as efficient at finding gold as today's machinery.

　　In:在某方面节约有效 The heating system is very efficient in its use of of fuel.

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