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　　Reading Passage 1

　　Title: 生物技术仿生学 Bionics

　　Question types: Matching, TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN

　　文章内容回顾

　　主要是讲生物技术，利用自然做成其他东西的三个阶段。

　　英文原文阅读

　　Bionics (also known as biomimicry, biomimetics, bio-inspiration, biognosis, and close to bionical creativity engineering) is the application of biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology.

　　The word bionic was coined by Jack E. Steele in 1958, possibly originating from the technical term bion (pronounced bee-on) (from Ancient Greek, meaning 'unit of life' and the suffix -ic, meaning 'like' or 'in the manner of', hence 'like life'. Some dictionaries, however, explain the word as being formed as a portmanteau from biology + electronics. It was popularized by the 1970s television series The Six Million Dollar Man and The Bionic Woman, which were based upon the novel Cyborg by Martin Caidin, which was influenced by Steele's work, and feature humans given superhuman powers by electromechanical implants.The transfer of technology between lifeforms and manufactures is, according to proponents of bionic technology, desirable because evolutionary pressure typically forces living organisms, including fauna and flora, to become highly optimized and efficient. A classical example is the development of dirt- and water-repellent paint (coating) from the observation that the surface of the lotus flower plant is practically unsticky for anything (the lotus effect). The term "biomimetic" is preferred when reference is made to chemical reactions.[citation needed] In that domain, biomimetic chemistry refers to reactions that, in nature, involve biological macromolecules (for example, enzymes or nucleic acids) whose chemistry can be replicated using much smaller molecules in vitro.

　　Examples of bionics in engineering include the hulls of boats imitating the thick skin of dolphins; sonar, radar, and medical ultrasound imaging imitating the echolocation of bats.

　　In the field of computer science, the study of bionics has produced artificial neurons, artificial neural networks, and swarm intelligence. Evolutionary computation was also motivated by bionics ideas but it took the idea further by simulating evolution in silico and producing well-optimized solutions that had never appeared in nature.It is estimated by Julian Vincent, professor of biomimetics at the University of Bath's department of mechanical engineering Biomimetics group, that "at present there is only a 12% overlap between biology and technology in terms of the mechanisms used"

　　题型难度分析

　　据考生回顾，本篇文章虽为第一篇，但是在三篇中较难，题目顺序有些乱，例子很多。

　　题型技巧分析

　　是非无判断题是雅思阅读的经典题型，虽然今年的题量相对减少，但是仍是复习备考时应关注的题型。

　　首先应该注意看清是TRUE还是YES, 本篇是TRUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVEN。

　　解题步骤：

　　1. 速读问题的句子，找出考点词(容易有问题的部分)。考点词：比较级，最高级，数据(时间)，程度副词，特殊形容词，绝对化的词(only, most, each, any, every, the same as等)

　　2. 排除考点词，在余下的词中找定位词，去原文定位。

　　3. 重点考察考点词是否有提及，是否正确。

　　TRUE的原则是同义替换，至少有一组近义词。

　　FALSE是题目和原文截然相反，不可共存，通常有至少一组反义词。

　　NOT GIVEN原文未提及，不做任何推断，尤其多考察题目的主语等名词在原文是否有提及。

　　剑桥雅思推荐原文练习

　　剑4 Test1 Passage1

　　剑5 Test3 Passage1